History and Heritage

The Importance of the Past Human beings inhabit a very unpredictable world. The human environment is a product of the interaction between millions of forces. In order to chart their course through an unpredictable world, human individuals and societies need some sort of guide to determine what possible consequence they take face, upon taking a certain step. The study of the past is therefore important because it is an important factor in determining present and future conduct (Lowenthal, 1998).Advertising We will write a custom report sample on History and Heritage specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Another aspect of the past is its role in determining the self-image of a human individual or society. Societies cite the real or imagined beliefs and actions of their real or imagined ancestors as evidence that they are a brave, generous and just people, similarly stories about the history of rival societies are told to show them in a b ad light as compared to one’s own society (Lowenthal, 1998). History is also a tool used to establish the validity of the current beliefs or ideas held by an individual, society or section of a society and the invalidity of the ideas and beliefs held by their ideological enemies (Lowenthal, 1998). The Reason for Disagreement in the Views and Interpretations of the Past Because the past is used as a tool to determine the present and future course of a society, it’s self image and the validity of its beliefs. It becomes a device in the hands of people who wish to chart a particular course for their society, present a particular self-image of the society and establish the validity of certain beliefs (Lowenthal, 1998). An example of this can be seen in the Enola Gay exhibit controversy at the Smithsonian Institution. The historians at the Smithsonian were came up with what they thought was an objective position on the bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. The exhibit depicted the horrible destruction caused by the bombing however the establishment view that the bombing of two Japanese cities was necessary in order to force the Japanese government to surrender unconditionally, was presented in the exhibit (Bird Sherwin, 1995). Other historians objected to the exhibit on the grounds that it adopted an essentially nationalist position justifying American atrocities, tried to minimize the depiction of horrible destruction and the immense loss of civilian life caused by the bombing and suppressed other facts which would reflect badly on the United States (Bird Sherwin, 1995). However, according to politicians espousing a hyper nationalistic and militaristic agenda, the exhibit was an exercise in anti-Americanism. These politicians were outraged that the museum would exhibit something that would show even the slightest criticism of the United States or the military forces of the United States. Such an exhibit might convince the population to oppose their po litical agenda (Trescott, 1995).Advertising Looking for report on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The exhibit was also opposed by World War II veterans. They believed firmly that their side in the World War II had been purely good while their enemies were purely evil. They believed that any action undertaken by their side against the enemy was justified. The veterans also belonged to a generation in which it was not considered offensive to assert that the lives of American soldiers were worth more than those of Japanese civilians (Ringle, 1994). Suggestions that the United States may not have been purely a force of good and may have performed actions comparable to the barbarities committed by the German and Japanese enemies caused an explosive emotional reaction in the veterans. In contrast to the veterans and the nationalistic politicians, the historians belonged to an era in which intellectuals adopted distaste for American militarism following defeat in the Vietnam War. They also possessed a wider view of the world and enough knowledge of history to know that patriotism and nationalism are often rhetorical devices used disingenuously by rulers whose actions are often motivated purely by self-interest. Instead of believing, as the politicians and the veterans did, that the United States was a purely benevolent power, they recognized that the United States has often caused immense destruction in other countries (Ringle, 1994). The controversy over the Kennewick Man was another example of an historical issue which caused passionate disagreement between ideologically opposed partisans. To the leader of the Umatillas tribe, the Kennewick Man was evidence that their tribe had always lived in the Washington area and that the scientific belief that they had crossed over to the Americas from Northern Asia was not true (Geranion, 1997). The Difference between ‘Heritage History’ and Objecti ve Studies of the Past In the past, history was primarily written for the purpose of inducing internal solidarity and enhancing the well being of a particular nation. The writing of histories was part of the nation-building efforts of states. Histories were a selection of facts and myths designed to give a positive image to a particular nation and to vilify its enemies. The history books written in earlier centuries were often commissioned by kings and emperors for the expressed purpose of glorifying their ancestors and providing ideological support for their rule. The purpose of history was to encourage an existing population and to secure its future. History was a socially constructed narrative that Lowenthal terms ‘Heritage History’ (Lowenthal, 1998). Gradually historians have tried to increase the objectivity of history and to distinguish it from ‘heritage history’. History and heritage differ in their purposes. The purpose of history is to explore and explain the past, recognizing its complexities and unknown aspects (Lowenthal, 1998).Advertising We will write a custom report sample on History and Heritage specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The purpose of heritage on the other hand, is to simplify the past and to come up with an interpretation of the past that may be useful in the achievement of present purposes. According to Lowenthal, the public is only interested in heritage, if narrative espoused by ‘heritage history’ departs from the facts known through objective history; it only bothers some intellectuals (Lowenthal, 1998). History and heritage also differ in the methodology employed to come up with a narrative. History depends on the use of the scientific method and the use of objective criteria to judge historical sources. Objective methodologies employed by historians in order to judge sources may include textual criticism, fingerprint matching, DNA testing , and carbon dating etc. Heritage pre-selects those historical sources which can be used to establish a particular narrative, regardless of their authenticity, and dismisses all other sources. Source criticism and other objective methodologies may be employed in the composition of heritage history, but only for the purpose of abandoning inconvenient sources (Lowenthal, 1998). According to Lowenthal, heritage and history are separate but linked phenomenon. Historians attempt to be impartial however it may be impossible for a historical researcher to be utterly unbiased. Therefore, it is possible that historians may come up with a narrative that includes elements of heritage, despite having an intention to come up with an authentic and impartial history. References Bird, K., Sherwin, M. (1995, July 31). Enola Gay Exhibit: The Historians’ Letter To The Smithsonian. Retrieved from doug-long.com: http://www.doug-long.com/letter.htm Geranion, N. (1997, September 21). The Kennewick Man crisis Archeologists and Indians clash over a 9,300-year-old skull that could rewrite New World history. The Toronto Star . Lowenthal, D. (1998). The Heritage Crusade and the Spoils of History. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Advertising Looking for report on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Ringle, K. (1994, September 26). At Ground Zero; 2 Views of History Collide Over Smithsonian A-Bomb Exhibit. The Washington Post , p. a.01. Trescott, J. (1995, May 19). Senator Warns Smithsonian on Controversies. The Washington Post , p. D.06. This report on History and Heritage was written and submitted by user Jayce Finley to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Business Writing on Persuasion for Charity

Business Writing on Persuasion for Charity Business Writing on Persuasion for Charity Persuasion for Charity Philanthropy as social corporate responsibly needs to be uplifted and supported by every person and organization. This is because corporate giving demonstrates that organizations feel and support the welfare of the society and local communities. It is therefore, a way of giving back to the society, in recognition of the many benefits that they in turn avail to organizations. Keep a Child Alive is a program aimed at providing treatment, love, and support to families affected by HIV/AIDS across the globe. It also provides lifesaving antiretroviral treatments, care, and other support services to vulnerable children and people in society. The charity has got offices spread throughout the world where they provide their services to this category of people in society. The charity does not rely on government for funding but rather draws its revenue from, their own programs, direct and indirect public support. They report no membership fees, non-government funding, and revenue from earned inc ome. Therefore, it receives its huge chunk (approximately 95% of its total revenue) from private contribution hence makings it one of charity with an impressive fundraising operations. According to charitynavigator.com, all information about charity organization can be accessed on the website. The website provides in a simplified manner data about various categories of charity organization in terms of their sources of income, location, the nature of their services, their current financial status, areas of operations among other information concerning them. It is therefore, easy and simple to access and determines the kind of charity to offer donation and support their course. Keep a Child Alive charity in 2009 financial years managed to collect a total income of $4, 088,674, and its expenses amounted to $3,556,335. In the year 2010, 87% of Keep a Child Alive charity revenues came from programs, 7% from fundraising, and 6% from management. Even though, the charity has not provided tangible information on the exact number of people that were assisted and the number of organization that participated in their initiative by sending their donations, of the total amount contributed, approximately 7% came from fundraising. This implies therefore that only 7% of the total revenue was accrued from donors; both individuals and corporations as large percentage of their revenue is generated from their own programs. According to Keep a Child Alive website, approximately 33.4milion people are infected with HIV/AIDS worldwide and therefore require the intervention of the charity every year. This statistics is a clear indication of how costly it is for the organization to meet its objectives in ensuring that such children and people are taken good care of. In light of the foregoing, I strongly support the involvement of the company in supporting the charity through social corporate responsibility initiative, by assisting it to reach a wider population to offer their donations and assistance. Apart from leading its philanthropy in supporting the charity, the company will join a larger network of companies involving in philanthropic works and be able to expand its operations, as it will meet new prospective clients. Furthermore, the initiative will enable the company to earn positive reputation from the public as well as increase its coverage to the public hence benefiting. In addition, this interaction will enable the company gain a competitive edge over its competitors, as its customers will feel a sense of care and concern to the needs of the vulnerable in the society. The business is a partnership type. It is an advertising company dealing in billboards, print and electronic advertising. The company has over 220 employees stationed at different locations. However, its headquarters is located in California. It therefore, serves the local market and foreign market depending on the needs of the client. The company is guided by a mission statement† Information is Power.† This shows how the company values and sees the potential information can have. The power of information is important in triggering course of action. The company currently has recorded an increase in its returns triggering it to join the entire society in contributing back to less fortunate through social corporate responsibility programs. The organization has horizontal leadership structure giving the employees and the management an opportunity to relate and interact freely hence fostering their relationships. If you need professional Business writing help feel free to contact professional business paper writing service.

Colorism in African American Women Research Paper

Colorism in African American Women - Research Paper Example Indeed, colorism is an issue that should be extremely discouraged within various people. This essay explores deeply and widely on colorism, specifically colorism with respect to African American women, drawing references from various movies including the film question of color and other relevant sources. The film, ‘A question of color unearths almost everything about color discrimination among African American women. Discrimination by color is not an issue that began just recently. A general study of American history reveals that discrimination against color has lived and thrived ever since African immigrants invaded America either by the slave trade or any other means and the movie depicts just that. The film, a question of color, actually more of a documentary, begins with a sequence in which a group of black men and women of different complexions. From high yellow and blue-black to chocolate, right from the start this movie depicts color consciousness among the black people. Somebody could be forgiven to think that is a course for color equity among the people, that all citizens belonging to various racial origins are entitled to equal opportunities. As the film progresses, prevalence is seen to be made to the people whose looks come closest to European standards of attractiveness and tend to fare much better than the people who look more African or black to be precise. The film also explores the tensions generated by colorism, is actually an internalized expression of white racism, leaving everyone else feeling terribly insecure. The dark skinned women are prompted to feel less desirable mates and also tend not to do so well financially, or economically in general (Felder 284). The economic issue brings a whole new issue regarding colorism with the African American women. The only reason that can effectively explain why the African American women are not financially endowed like their white counterparts is because they may not be as better educated as the white to secure jobs, even then, the education background of these women is only questionable because perhaps they did not get enough equal opportunities to access quality education. Conclusions can be conclusively drawn that the dark skinned women do not get enough employment opportunities as the white skinned are entitled to. The film states that the only moment in the history of America when the white-oriented consciousness among the dark skinned seemed to be falling apart was in 1962, when the black conscious movement made many people adopt the afro hair style. With their slogan, black is beautiful, they achieved considerable success even though it lasted for a short period. Either way, the afro hair style success was not received well by some the white skinned women as is evidenced when a Ms. Sandler, a news anchor, almost risks losing her job just for wearing the afro hair style introduced by the black conscious movement to work (Sinclair 654). Besides the instances cover ed in the plot of this family, there are many other occasions in which colorism in Africa American women is depicted. According to actor and singer Tyrese, colorism in dark skinned people is evident in the entertainment industry. Music videos are also an integral part of the visual arts subject. Unfortunately, the music video industry has also borrowed the color discrimination issue. This is clearly seen by the

The Patricia Dunn Case and Ethics and HP Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

The Patricia Dunn Case and Ethics and HP - Essay Example HP, the world leader in computer hardware technology, printers is also at forefront in propagating ethical business practices. The Business Ethics of HP are succinctly summed up in the following words of its Chairman Michael Hurd. â€Å"Winning in the market is not important; it is how you get those results. Ethics and compliance is fundamental part of a company’s work culture. Ethical leadership is about each individual’s leadership and actions with others. Just as we have responsibility to our customers, we have a responsibility to ourselves. The standards provide clarity and guidance on how HP expects all employees to operate on a daily basis. (Hurd).† The employees are encouraged to develop a sense of fairness, justice and to adopt right course on the basis of deontological principle—a result is good only as long as it has been attained through good action. â€Å"The word deontology derives from the Greek words for duty (deon) and science (or study) of (logos). (stanford.edu, 2007).† Michael Hurd sums up the Deontological ethics as the core of business principles and values of HP in the following words, â€Å"While working for the best interests of HP, you have a duty to be ethical and lawful in your dealings with customers, channel partners, and competitors, as well as with your HP colleagues.† The Article 2.1 of Standard Business Code (SBC) outlines the deontological ideal in the HP’s working.

Reducing No Show rate in a tertiary care Hospitals Research Paper

Reducing No Show rate in a tertiary care Hospitals - Research Paper Example The research was undertaken by the use of a telephone interview, and found the reasons for no-shows among patients in different hospitals namely specialized women and children’s’ hospitals and the main hospitals The purpose of this research work is to come up with ways of reducing the rates at which patients fail to show up at hospitals for booked appointments with physicians. This paper shall look into the reasons why no-show rates are high. In addition to that, this paper shall investigate the methods of managing and reducing the no-show figures, so that the rate at which patients fail to show up for appointments can be kept low. This will be done with the aim of improving the quality of medical services provided and increasing the satisfaction of patients. The method preferred for the research work is the Six Sigma method. This method seeks to achieve an improvement in process output quality by pinpointing and getting rid of the factors that cause defects. In addition to that, the Six Sigma helps minimize viability in the processes of business. The no-show rate was calculated using the following formula: The statistics collected over the month of December 2012 indicated that the average percentage of outpatients who did not show up for consultation in hospitals was at 31%. When segmented, the rate of no-shows stood at 19.58% in the women- specialized hospital, 35.71% for the rehabilitation hospital, 30.7 % for the children-specialized hospital and 37.15 for the outpatients at the main hospital. The rates of no-shows in hospitals are very high, especially in the main and rehabilitation hospitals. The effects of no-shows on a hospital will continue to be felt for as long as there are no measures put in place to curb the rate at which patients fail to present themselves at the hospitals for their pre-booked appointments (Johnson, Mold &

Tv Advertising And Peer Group Pressure Marketing Essay

Tv Advertising And Peer Group Pressure Marketing Essay Children also exert a powerful influence over their parents to buy them the latest products, influenced by TV advertising and peer group pressure. TV/film and the latest toy crazes are also important drivers, so a strong stream of new products heavily supported by the media will help to ensure regular uplifts in toy sales. The big challenge is for toy retailers to avoid competing too heavily on price, so as to drive value growth in sales. This will be difficult given the slow pace of the economic recovery and the squeeze on incomes that will increase in 2011 due to austerity measures being introduced to cut the government borrowing deficit. Licensed products will continue to be a major focus of new product launches, with ranges related to new TV or film releases supplementing long-established licensed ranges that continue to be popular. Educational toys that aid learning are also likely to see growth. Nostalgic toys with a modern twist are another important area of the market and in terms of retailing the multi-channel combination of websites, catalogues and stores with a bit of added retail theatre will help drive incremental sales and reduce the heavy reliance on Christmas. This portable Mini Photo Studio is designed to steer children away from video games and towards the artistic passion of photography. The concept came with the increase in popularity of social media and photo sharing, as well as a high percentage of digital camera ownership. Market Description Mini Photo Studio is primarily focused in the market of arts and crafts products; selling a product that will help develop the creativity of the children and teenagers by learning the beautiful art of photography. Demographic Analysis of Consumers The main target market of the Mini Photo Studio is the young teenagers (9-16 years) who are interested in the artistic passion of photography. Children and young teenagers, who are aged between 9-16 years old, are generally interested in social networks, fashion, make-up, latest technology mobile phones and photography (Mintel, 2008). In addition, according to a 2008 Mintel Report the second feature used on mobile phones by young teenagers is the camera facility. Starting with 2003, young teenagers also have more disposable pocket-money to buy their own things and when shopping with parents their own decision is the most important. There are different types of consumers interested in buying the Mini Photo Studio such as consumers interested to learn or develop the photography skills, or interested in modelling which are usually connected more with the celebrity. As Mintel Report says Celebrity endorsement is apparently more influential among children than among adults, with almost a quarter of parents claiming that their child/children aged 12+ are influenced by some kind of celebrity/pop/ sports star. The above characteristics of consumers were among the top factors that came with the increase in popularity of social media and photo sharing, as well as a high percentage of digital camera ownership. With the main focus on creating a product designed to increase the creativity of the teenagers and to keep them away from the use of the video games, which according to Mintel, parents are concerned that video games can become addicted to their children, so it is beneficial for us to focus on this type of consumer. The consumers are those whose attitudes, behaviours, and use of goods are significantly important for their personal development and interest. They make brand choices based on new trends and celebrity endorsements. In fact, according to Mintel Children claim to place heavy emphasis on their own opinion when making purchasing decisions, with around 4 in 10 children claiming to be confident about their own opinions. Therefore any use of celebrities must not appear to dictate or lecture to children, instead allowing them to make informed purchase or usage decisions. This is especially important among older children, who are exerting their independence.

Feminist Movement Essay -- essays research papers

Feminist Movement   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In the aftermath of World War II, the lives of the women have changed dramatically. Women spoke their minds out and wanted to be heard. World War II brought them a new outlook on how they should live their lives. It encouraged women organize social movements such as boycotts and public marches pushing for their human rights and protect them against discrimination. Alongside, they formed their own organization representing them against the federal government like the NOW or National Organization for Women. Through the years, women have been struggling to fight for equal rights and unfortunately still exist even at the present in some areas. Yes, women’s status was not like what they used to back then, where their roles where to stay home do household chores and take care of the children. Now, women have grown to be a new person. They have accomplished their goals and work wherever they want these days. But despite of their success in the feminist movements, it was all due to their personal struggle and hard work. The feminist movement has changed women’s status in the history of our society socially, politically, and economically. The changes made, influenced the society in positive and negative outcomes.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Traditionally, women are stereotyped as being committed to only on doing household works but in our society today, they play significant roles not only at home but also in workplaces such as schools, offices, and businesses. They are now able to have the careers of their choice, and even have the same careers as men do. For example, back then being a police officer is ought to be a man’s job. Nowadays, one can see a woman entering different fields of occupation like in law, carpentry, medicine and sports. This proves that women have as equal rights as men.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Although women have attained such freedom, they tend to take advantage of it and go overboard. Women, today, are very liberated on how they present themselves in society. To be more specific, is how they dress and act or the way they carry themselves in public. For instance, Britney Spears, a famous entertainer, dresses immodestly and act wildly by doing things under the influence of alcohol such as getting married and getting annulled the next day. Unluckily, as a public figure she is being looked up to especially by young girls. They try to copy her and wear too ... ...me negative outcome, it is still a very significant event that greatly affected the modern society. Women today owe their freedom to the women suffragists who fought for all of the women’s rights today. Today’s women should pay their respect to the women of the past by celebrating their freedom and by continuing what they have started. If it were not for the suffragists’ courage and bravery, the world would have been so different from now. Without their movement, modern women would not be able to attain so much freedom such as being able to work, to get involve in politics and become leaders, and being able to own businesses. Such freedom has opened many doors for women all over the world at the present and in the future. Work Cited 1. Banks, Oliver. Faces of Feminism. New York: St. Martin’s Press, Inc., 1981 2. Gubata, Kate. â€Å"The New Feminism.† Readings for Writers. Ed. Jo Ray McCuen, Anthony C. Winkler. Boston, Ma: Thomson, 2000. 557-559. 3. Nye, Andrea. Feminist Theory and the Philosophies of Man. New York:Croom Helm, 1988. 4 † Women’s movement.† Encarta Encyclopedia 2004. Encarta Encyclopedia Online. 28 Sept. 2004 http://www.search.ence.com/eb/article?tocld=215998