Women in India free essay sample

Other Sikh Gurus also preached against the discrimination against women. See also: Women in Sikhism Historical practices Traditions among some communities such as sati, jauhar, and devadasi have been banned and are largely defunct in modern India. However, some cases of these practices are still found in remote parts of India. The purdah is still practised by Indian women among some communities, and child marriage remains prevalent despite it being an illegal practice, especially under current Indian laws. Sati Sati is an old, largely defunct custom, among some communities in which the widow was immolated alive on her husbands funeral pyre. Although the act was supposed to be a voluntary on the widows part, it is believed to have been sometimes forced on the widow. It was abolished by the British in 1829. There have been around forty reported cases of sati since independence. [21] In 1987, the Roop Kanwar case of Rajasthan led to The Commission of Sati (Prevention) Act. We will write a custom essay sample on Women in India or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page [22] Jauhar Jauhar refers to the practice of the voluntary immolation of all the wives and daughters of defeated warriors, in order to avoid capture and consequent molestation by the enemy. The practice was followed by the wives of defeated Rajput rulers, who are known to place a high premium on honour. Purdah Purdah is the practice among some communities of requiring women to cover their bodies so as to cover their skin and conceal their form. It imposes restrictions on the mobility of women, it curtails their right to interact freely and it is a symbol of the subordination of women. It does not reflect the religious teachings of either Hinduism or Islam, contrary to common belief, although misconception has occurred due to the ignorance and prejudices of religious leaders of both faiths. citation needed] Devadasis Devadasi is a religious practice in some parts of southern India, in which women are married to a deity or temple. The ritual was well established by the 10th century A. D. [23] In the later period, the illegitimate sexual exploitation of the devadasis became a norm in some parts of India. British rule European scholars observed in the 19th century that Hind u women are naturally chaste and more virtuous than other women. [24] During the British Raj, many reformers such as Ram Mohan Roy, Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar, Jyotirao Phule etc. fought for the upliftment of women. Peary Charan Sarkar, a former student of Hindu College, Calcutta and a member of Young Bengal set up the first free school for girls in India in 1847 in Barasat, a suburb of Calcutta (later the school was named Kalikrishna Girls High School). While this list might suggest that there was no positive British contribution during the Raj era, that is not entirely so, since missionaries wives like Martha Mault nee Mead and her daughter Eliza Caldwell nee Mault are rightly remembered for pioneering the education and training of girls in south India a practise that initially met with local resistance, as it flew in the face of tradition. Raja Rammohan Roys efforts led to the abolition of the Sati practice under Governor-General William Cavendish-Bentinck in 1829. Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagars crusade for the improvement in condition of widows led to the Widow Remarriage Act of 1856. Many women reformers such as Pandita Ramabai also helped the cause of women upliftment. Kittur Chennamma, the queen of the princely state Kittur in Karnataka[citation needed], led an armed rebellion against the British in response to the Doctrine of lapse. Abbakka Rani the queen of coastal Karnataka led the defence against invading European armies notably the Portuguese in 16th century. Rani Lakshmi Bai, the Queen of Jhansi, led the Indian Rebellion of 1857 against the British. She is now widely considered as a nationalist hero. Begum Hazrat Mahal, the co-ruler of Awadh, was another ruler who led the revolt of 1857. She refused the deals with the British and later retreated to Nepal. The Begums of Bhopal were also few of the notable female rulers during this period. They did not observe purdah and were trained in martial arts. Chandramukhi Basu, Kadambini Ganguly and Anandi Gopal Joshi were few of the earliest Indian women to obtain educational degrees. In 1917, the first womens delegation met the Secretary of State to demand womens political rights, supported by the Indian National Congress. The All India Womens Education Conference was held in Pune in 1927[citation needed]. In 1929, the Child Marriage Restraint Act was passed, stipulating fourteen as the minimum age of marriage for a girl through the efforts of Mahomed Ali Jinnah. [19][25] Though Mahatma Gandhi himself married at the age of thirteen, he later urged people to boycott child marriages and called upon the young men to marry the child widows. [26] Women played an important part in Indias independence struggle. Some of the famous freedom fighters include Bhikaji Cama, Dr. Annie Besant, Pritilata Waddedar, Vijayalakshmi Pandit, Rajkumari Amrit Kaur, Aruna Asaf Ali, Sucheta Kriplani and Kasturba Gandhi. Other notable names include Muthulakshmi Reddy, Durgabai Deshmukh etc. The Rani of Jhansi Regiment of Subhas Chandra Boses Indian National Army consisted entirely of women including Captain Lakshmi Sahgal. Sarojini Naidu, a poet and a freedom fighter, was the first Indian woman to become the President of the Indian National Congress and the first woman to become the governor of a state in India. Women in India free essay sample Traditions taboo women from preforming certain tasks. The only thing they are expected to do is nurture and care for their husbands. A woman who is educated is unlikely to get married because they have the power to fight back and speak up against abuse. Some culture allows men to rape their wife if they refuse to have sex and no form of punishment is given to the husband. My research paper is about rape and abuse of women in India. I began my research at Borough of Manhattan college library as well as Half the Sky book that I read in class. Most of the information is found in the book so I use BMCC library for additional information if needed. Also, my teacher at school assists me with finding information if I have difficulty doing so. Half the sky has been an excellent source of information, providing me with accurate information to my research unfortunately, when I use BMCC library the information I gathered from the internet isn’t useful. We will write a custom essay sample on Women in India or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page I inputted key words from topic like rape in India, abuse in India and India in general. There’s still no information there for me to use. I continue to use the book until I find data that is relevant to my paper. One of the reasons why women are targeted is because they lack education. Women who have education are less likely to be attack because they have a voice to speak up against rape and these are the women who create projects to help hopeless women. â€Å"In developing countries, tormenting the illiterate is usually risk-free; preying on the educated is more perilous. †(Kristoff 50) Women with education are stronger than illiterate women because they cannot be strict into agreements that will cause their lives and preying on the weak will cause fewer problems. There’s highly a chance of the victims receiving justice. â€Å"That is the power of education. One study after another has shown that educating girls is one of the most effective ways to fight poverty. †(Kristoff 169) Education has so much to do with women in India but there are not enough facilities to educate these women. Uneducated women always end up in the slum of India and bear the abuse that is inflected on them. Women, in India, have no voice even the government is against women’s right and women in politics are forbidden. More broadly the single most important way to encourage women and girls to stand up for their rights is education and we can do far more to promote universal education in poor countries. † (Kristoff 5) In some countries, women are used for the tool of war. Giving their women to other countries as a peace offering and they can do whatever they want to them including rape and abuse them. If women had education none of this would be happening around the world. â€Å"Rape is only the tip of the iceberg in a country where women face a broad range of violence and discrimination that leads to the deaths of almost 2 million women a year†. Harris A. 4) Men, in general, is considered as society and set rules that are against women’s rights. For example, a man can marry as many wives as they want and can abuse them if necessary creating a polygamy family. If a women were suppose marry as many men as she wants, she will be called hurtful names and stoned to death by family members. The abuse of women is endless and living in a patriarchal society there’s injustice against women. Another reason is culture. There are many cultures in India and traditions are very imperative to them. Therefore, everyone has to obey the rules and regulation and changing their culture is not an option. In some cultures, it’s okay for a husband to rape and abuse their wives if they refuse sex and do not perform their house hold duties. â€Å"There are good practical as well as cultural reasons for women to accept abuse rather than fight back and risk being killed† (Kristoff 47) There’s no reason for a women to get married if they’re going to get abuse all the time for no particular reason. Women cannot report abuse or bring the culprit to court because they will receive no form of justice base on their gender. Its cultural rules, those women have to endure any form of abuse. â€Å"In India, a â€Å"bride burning†Ã¢â‚¬â€to punish a woman for an inadequate dowry or to eliminate her so a man can remarry. † (T. N. M 375) As you can see, men will do anything to a women if they refuse sex even kill them if they have to. There’s a particular culture that allows men to stone their wives to death, if they don’t show signs of their virtue (blooding after having sex for the first time), in front of their father. This is called â€Å"cult of virginity†. Again you see that men control everything and can do what they want. Women have no justice in society because they are the target and they live in fear; fearing when their lives is coming to an end. â€Å"Government statistics show a woman is raped every 20 minutes in India, but the countrys conviction rate for the crime is one of the lowest in the world†. ( Fritzmaurice 14) Men in India, destroy women drastically so they think that their worthless and weak and there’s no hope for them. The effect is so traumatizing that they are afraid to act against domestic violence and this has a permanent effect on them. Everything rotates around culture because their traditions begun with men controlling everything and women cannot participate in any leadership role but men. â€Å"Government statistics show a woman is raped every 20 minutes in India, but the countrys conviction rate for the crime is one of the lowest in the world. † Therefore, women have been growing up in a patriarchal society where men have the final saying in everything pertain to women and they cannot made any decisions for themselves or else they will be tabooed from their village. One of the major problems that Indian women face on a daily basis is sex trafficking. Majority of women in India has been introduce to prostitution from a very young age. The conditions they live in are unbearable and escaping from the brothels isn’t an option. Many girls have been kidnapped or sold to brothel owners from a young age. They started to have sex from the age of three. These young children know nothing about how the world operates because they spend their entire lives in the brothel having sex and being abused. They obey the owners because prostitution is the only thing they know how to do. Besides, the consequences of disobeying are unbearable. Sometimes the owners exaggerate and cause serious damages. For example, Meena tried to escape from the brothels but she was caught and was beaten badly and was left in the room in a pool of blood. ( Kristoff 34) Also, they have been beaten by customers and owners because of customer dissatisfaction. Leaving the brothel isn’t an option for most women because the owners threaten them with the shame of being a prostitute and what effect it will have on the family. This can cause â€Å"honor killing† in which a relative brutally kill the woman who has brought shame among the family. Honor killing is a cultural aspect against women as well. â€Å"Laws protecting women against economic exploitation, prostitution and rape are weak† (T. N. M 375) Women has been suffering from religious or government laws rather than benefitting from it. Furthermore, in India, where caste system is relevant to their society, girls are forced into prostitution by their mother. These girls will suffer from rape and abuse as long as there in the brothels. Case in point, abuses in brothels will never stop because they forced young kids into prostitution and they refused to have sex. The damages can be severe and leave bruises that will last a life time. As I said before, rape and abuse is endless until someone speak against these violence. Women bear these abuses every day because their obligation to it or else they will be killed. India has the highest rate of women abuse and it can go down if one person will fight against abuse. All it takes is just one behave person to stand up and the rest will follow. In the half the sky, Kristoff wanted to interview a rape victim but they all were shy and scared until one was appointed to him. They took her outside for questioning ten minutes later; there was a line fill of rape victims ready to tell their stories. These abuses sometimes lead women in the form of depression, isolation and poor reproductive health conditions. When will the torture of women stop?

US Presidency essays

US Presidency essays There can be little question in the modern scholars mind that the most prominent and influential figure in contemporary international politics is the president of United States. While this institution is famous for drawing an enormous amount of power from the U.S. Constitution, history has often shown that sources of presidential power are not limited to the parameters stated therein. There have been many instances in American history where the presidents popularity in politics and in the publics eyes have proved to be very significant factors in determining the political power he possesses. A great example can be found in the recent Clinton Administration. Towards the end of his second term in office, President Bill Clinton became, paradoxically, the most publicly shamed president of modern time and at the same time one of the most popular. Examining the events that unfolded, starting with the revelation of the Monica Lewinsky scandal up until President Clintons last weeks in the of fice, shows that public support can be an extremely significant part of the presidency. From the first months he took office, up until January of 1998, a series of economic and political victories had provided President Clinton with a remarkably high job approval rating (about 60 percent according to an ABC News/ Washington Post poll) from the public. When the story broke on Wednesday, January 21 of that year, public opinion polls conducted by credited news organizations showed that during the period between 22nd and 30th of January President Clintons rating fell to a record low. However as the weeks passed, the charismatic and intelligent public speaker successfully persuaded a remarkable percentage of the population to support him. Throughout the rest of the year, the public was faced with the fact that the President did indeed have a sexual relationship with a young White House intern, and t ...

Movie Crash Review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Crash - Movie Review Example As the discussion outlines that  the movie opens following a car accident involving detective Graham Waters (black) and Ria (Latino), his partner, and Kim Lee (Asian). While the two women exchange racial insults, the detective decides to take a look at the crime scene close by, but he soon gains a horrified face expression. A day earlier, a Persian man and his daughter try to buy a gun, but they face racial discrimination at the shop when the owner refuses to sell it to them; after suffering verbal sexual assaults, Dorri (the daughter) manages to buy the gun and an unspecified type of ammunition.  This study declares that detectives Waters and Ria arrive on a scene of a shooting between two drivers; the surviving one turns out to be an undercover policeman (white), while the dead one was black. Even if detective Waters suspects that the dead back driver was engaged in illegal affairs, he is forced to keep that piece of information to himself by one of Rick Cabot’s councilo rs, who was trying to win the black vote for the elections.  At his home, Daniel tries to comfort his daughter Lara, who was scared of gun shots, by giving her a protective â€Å"invisibility impenetrable cloak†; afterwards, he goes out for another job, which happens to be for the Persian shopkeeper; Daniel replaces a lock on a door, but tell the Persian that the door needs to be fixed itself; the shopkeeper doesn’t want to listen, accusing Daniel of cheating.

Laboratory Medecine Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Laboratory Medecine - Essay Example Further, they stain slides and perform routine tests on the blood's tissues, fluids, and other components. Also, the work involves keeping records, cleaning and sterilizing equipments as well as the use of microscopes, computers and other lab technologies to gather data. This data is used to determine the absence or presence and/or the cause of diseases. The duties also involve handling delicate substances and experiments with utmost care, having an open mind to cater to various perspectives before arriving at a conclusion and various such aspects that have to do with serving human kind. Coming to the decision of entering the field of laboratory medicine was not an easy or clear cut call for me. The preliminary reason why I chose this field of the many career options lurking before me, was the fact that I needed to learn while helping people around me. I would like to understand how the very basic elements of our bodies work and how we can make a difference through research. It is my natural instinct to make a difference towards human kind and this kind of a role helps me learn about varied related fields like molecular virology and immunology to name a few. I feel that these reasons in part also contribute to the fact that I am well suited for this line of work. I feel I will be ready to take on any challenge and come out a more enriched person. Also, my educational background and exposure as well as basic interests lie in this field which makes me a suitable candidate for such a career choice. 3. What are your career goals My career goals in life are very simple. I would like to begin by studying in order to enter the field of laboratory medicine as it is a life long learning process. To begin with I would like to enter the medical laboratory technology program through an associate degree. From here, I would like to proceed towards becoming a student in the clinical laboratory technology program. As a medical laboratory technician, I would like to most of all work in a team and build a niche filled with competent people. As a career, I plan on using my skills in laboratory medicine for the overall betterment of mankind and towards making far reaching contributions to the field of medicine and healing in general. My career will be nothing without these

Advantages of the balance scorecard system Essay Example for Free

Advantages of the balance scorecard system Essay As a non financial measure BSC has significant advantages over the financially focused performance based measurement systems. BSC makes it possible for organizations to develop long term strategies. Because the focus is not only on finances, companies can focus on the business elements the would allow them to create a sustained long term perspective, and therefore assure a longer term financial health. Short term financial yardsticks relies more on accounting, so it runs the risk of neglecting other important areas, such as customer satisfaction. The BSC sees emphasize on better quality and the advantage of  competitive edge provided by its inclusive measurement as equally important, because it is a better forecaster of future financial success. ( Ittner Larcker 2000). Short term forecasting does not consider such elements as new product development non does it encourage innovation. The other advantage is that BSC offers organization the opportunity to announce its objectives and its long term based incentives to the rest of the team. Also it recognizes the importance of intangible assets such human intellects as well as customer loyalty, it recognizes managerial abilities, and the benefits that can accrue  when employees share good relationship with each other. There is no doubt that a lot of organizations are paying attention to their intangible assets. (Ittner larcker 2000). The other important advantage is that it is becoming clearer that BSC could actually be do a better job of forecasting the financial future of an organization. ( Ittner larcker 2000). When companies make investment on customer satisfaction, it has been found to raise financial intake, as well as customer loyalty. This cannot be predicted by a system that focuses only on financial calculations. The BSC helps the organization to bring many corporate programs that are usually disjointed into a single manageable roof. Kaplan and Norton also pointed out that by merely participating in the process of BSC development organizations give themselves an advantage, because they gain a better understanding of the strategy they want to implement. It transforms strategy into performance measures or targets. It helps the company to focus on what it has to do in order to achieve its performance goal. Although the BSC aims to establish a long term strategic process, it is actually brief and  direct to the point because it uses the four perspective to cover essentially all its system. It helps the team to learn because the strategies are regularly discussed. Also BSC is not limited to corporate offices, Kaplan and Norton cited the example of Exxon Mobile, it extended its BSC to all its stations, and they reported significant rise in customer satisfaction. It is important to be able to transfer the strategy to local outlets. And BSC does that. ( Kaplan Norton 2002). As has been discussed on this discourse, there are some disadvantages associated with BSC. For one it is expensive to implement, and it can take a lot of time. Considering the fact that financial measurement only system is measured based on finances only, the BSC does not have a common denominator measurement, and it does not have causal links with the rest of the measuring strategies. The facts are that most companies now report that using financially based measurement system is no longer adequate to formulate their true long term strategy. Emphasis on earnings and accounting returns are no longer persuasive enough in providing the complete picture to organizations. (Ittner Larcker 2000).

Much Ado About Nothing Essay: Effective Use of the Foil -- Much Ado Ab

Effective Use of the Foil in   Much Ado About Nothing      Ã‚  Ã‚   In The Marriage of Heaven and Hell, the famous British poet William Blake wrote that "without contraries there is no progression - Attraction and repulsion, reason and imagination, and love and hate are all necessary for human existence" (Blake 122).   As Blake noted, the world is full of opposites.   But, more importantly, these opposites allow the people of the world to see themselves and their thoughts more clearly.   For, as Blake asserts, without attraction, one cannot understand repulsion, and without imagination, one cannot understand reason.   In Much Ado About Nothing (MAAN), William Shakespeare uses this idea of the power of opposites to show the differences in two types of love.   Using the relationship, language, and actions of Hero and Claudio as a foil against those of Beatrice and Benedick, Shakespeare has painted a world in which the ideas of courtly love only serve to illuminate those of true love.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In an essay on Chaucer's Canterbury Tales, William Kittredge defined the idea of courtly love that is illustrated in MAAN.   Kittredge said that courtly love must involve a love that is extremely idealized and superficial, with the vassal or servant-like suitor, who is often a valiant knight, devoting himself completely to an ideal woman who is often the daughter of a powerful man (Kittredge 528-529).   When this definition is applied to the relationship between Hero and Claudio in MAAN, one is able to recognize a perfect match.   For example, Claudio, a young lord of Florence, is a valiant soldier as is shown in the first scene of the play with the comments made by the Messenger: "[Claudio] hath borne himself beyond the promise of his age, doing ... ...hat is truly Much Ado About Nothing, becomes a commentary on the idea of love.   True love becomes illuminated through its reflection in its own foil - the ideals of courtly love.   The true relationship of Beatrice and Benedick compared to the relationship of Claudio and Hero, gives the reader not only a better understanding of the power of the literary foil, but also a foil into which that reader can reflect and better understand himself.    Works Cited "Blake, William." The Columbia Dictionary of Quotations.  Ã‚   CD-ROM. New York: Columbia UP, 1998. Kittredge, George. "The Marriage Group." The Canterbury  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Tales: A Norton Critical Edition. Ed. V.A. Kolve. New York: W.W. Norton & Co., 1989. 523-530. Shakespeare, William. "Much Ado About Nothing." The Norton Shakespeare. Ed. Stephen Greenblatt. New York: W.W. Norton & Co., 1997. 1389-1443.

Employee Handbook Non-Discrimination Section Essay

Discrimination of any individual on the basis of their origin, sex, religion or appearance is not only an unethical crime but the most irrational thing to do to anyone. People, no matter what their origin should be treated equally whether a workplace or a community. However, organizations need to be careful regarding their policies concerning non-discrimination. It should clearly outline the real emphasis as to why they have been drafted as well as the consequence of the violation of any of the non-discriminatory rules. In response to the non-discrimination rules, the organization should be fair. Policies devised should be in the favor of the employees. This normally aids the mental efficiency of the employee in the workplace as he or she knows that they have their rights that wouldn’t be violated in any way (Tomei, 2003). As more and more businesses and organizations are evolving, it is necessary to note that a policy that befriends every need of the employee can be the only way to reduce or avoid any kind of discrimination. Robyn D.  Clarke in his magazine article entitled, â€Å"Workplace bias Abounds: New study confirms the American workplace has much farther to go to achieve true diversity† states, â€Å"For an organization to embrace diversity, it must be supported from senior leadership and built into the foundation of the organization. Companies need to appreciate and value the unique differences, perspectives, and experiences of every employee,† says Dexter. â€Å"Then, they must translate that understanding into a clear strategy for diversity infusion into the business model. They must create a culture of inclusion–an environment that gives everyone the opportunity to succeed† (Clarke, 2005). Therefore, a policy that embraces and addresses all the discriminatory issues of an employee is the one that succeeds. If any such policy had to be devised in order to limit the organization’s liability, it is important to educate all the employees of the organization. Education of the organization’s policies’ regarding the discrimination rules and the consequences of breaking them inevitably helps in avoiding the roughest situations that would otherwise would have to be dealt by the organization. An organization that shows a strict compliance to its rules and procedures is the one that succeeds. Another method to limit an organization’s liability regarding the discrimination issues is by joining the Business Coalition for workplace fairness (Human Rights Campaign, 2007). If any such realistic policy had to be devised; apart from stating the general non-discriminatory issues such as sex, color, origin, religion e. t. c. , the policy would also deal with a universal dress code that would help in creating a fair working environment. Another feature that can be added to this policy is to deal with pregnant and maternity leaves with fairness. Many women today are subjected to discrimination due to their pregnancy where managers often deprive these women of the opportunities they deserve. Currently, the organizations that have discrimination policies that are trans-gender friendly are the ones that are able to avoid most of the lawsuits. Tegan Jones, in the article entitled, â€Å"Lessons from Largo: Non-discrimination policies in the public and private sectors† state that any individual’s transition or any sex should not be a workplace issue. He states that is extremely vital to add â€Å"sexual orientation and GI&E to their nondiscrimination policies, create gender neutral dress-codes, have guidelines that set a time-frame and protocol for transitioning workers and ensure employee’s privacy† (Jones, 2007). Therefore, a policy that deals with all the elements mentioned above should limit a company’s liability towards lawsuits and further enhance the quality of the work environment as well.